查看“Kadcyla”的源代码

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            <strong>[[赫赛莱]]([[Kadcyla]])</strong>，通用名为<strong>[[恩替星曲妥珠单抗]]([[Trastuzumab emtansine]])**，研发代码为**[[PRO132365]]</strong>，是由[[罗氏]]([[Roche]])/[[基因泰克]]([[Genentech]])开发的一种靶向<strong>[[HER2]]</strong>的<strong>[[抗体偶联药物]]([[ADC]])</strong>。作为全球首个获批用于实体瘤的[[ADC]]药物，[[赫赛莱]]将[[曲妥珠单抗]]的靶向性与强效微管抑制剂<strong>[[DM1]]</strong>的细胞毒性完美结合。它在<strong>[[HER2阳性早期乳腺癌]]</strong>新辅助治疗后残存病灶的辅助治疗，以及晚期[[HER2]]阳性乳腺癌的后线挽救中具有里程碑意义，是现代精准肿瘤学中“**[[智能导弹]]**”疗法的开拓者。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">赫赛莱 (Kadcyla)</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">T-DM1·恩替星曲妥珠单抗·点击展开</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">核心靶标：[[HER2]]([[ERBB2]])</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">[[Entrez]]ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">2064([[ERBB2]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">载荷类型</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">[[DM1]]([[美登素衍生物]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[DAR]]值</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">3.5 (平均偶联数)</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">连接子</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">不可裂解([[MCC]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">约148.5kDa</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">研发厂家</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">罗氏/基因泰克</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">临床金标准</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #b91c1c;">辅助治疗(non-pCR)</td>
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        [[赫赛莱]]的作用机制结合了抗体的免疫调节与化学药物的直接杀伤，体现了精准给药的底层逻辑：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>靶向识别与内吞：</strong> 赫赛莱的抗体部分（[[曲妥珠单抗]]）精准锁定细胞表面的[[HER2]]受体，诱导受体介导的<strong>[[胞吞作用]]</strong>，将药物整体送入细胞。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>溶酶体降解与载荷释放：</strong> 由于采用<strong>[[不可裂解连接子]]</strong>（[[SMCC]]），赫赛莱必须在溶酶体内经过完全的蛋白降解。降解后产生的“活性载荷碎片”（含[[DM1]]及连接子残留）被释放到细胞质中。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>微管蛋白抑制：</strong> 释放的 [[DM1]] 通过结合微管蛋白，抑制微管聚合，导致肿瘤细胞发生<strong>[[G2/M期]]</strong>周期停滞并触发凋亡。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>保留抗体效应：</strong> 赫赛莱同时保留了曲妥珠单抗抑制[[HER2]]胞外域脱落及诱导<strong>[[ADCC效应]]</strong>（抗体依赖的细胞介导毒性）的能力。</li>
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    [Image showing the endocytosis and intracellular processing of T-DM1]

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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">试验名称</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">人群/场景(当前评价)</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">关键客观缓解与生存获益</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[KATHERINE]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">HER2+ 早期乳腺癌；新辅助后未达 [[pCR]]。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>iDFS 风险降低 50%</strong>。确立了术后强化的绝对金标准地位。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[EMILIA]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">HER2+ 晚期乳腺癌；曲妥+紫杉进展后。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[PFS]] 与 [[OS]] 显著延长。ADC 领域历史性的基石研究。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[DESTINY-Breast03]]对照</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">作为晚期二线对比组。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">虽在晚期领域面临 [[T-DXd]] 挑战，但在安全性平衡方面仍有优势。</td>
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    <p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;">
        [[赫赛莱]]的临床路径强调“分期施治”与“毒性分级管控”：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>早期非 pCR 者的首选：</strong> 依据当前各大临床指南，针对新辅助治疗后仍有病理残留的患者，赫赛莱辅助治疗是改善生存的关键，其价值无可替代。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>毒性管理：</strong> 赫赛莱的典型不良反应包括<strong>[[血小板减少]]</strong>及<strong>[[肝功能异常]]</strong>。相比第一代 ADC，其间质性肺病风险较低。临床管理需监测 [[ALT]]/[[AST]] 及血小板计数。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>序贯与切换：</strong> 在晚期二线治疗中，[[德曲替珠单抗]]([[T-DXd]]) 已展现更强效力。赫赛莱目前多作为三线或特定低风险、高龄患者的优化选择，保持了极佳的安全性平衡。</li>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[DM1]]：</strong> 极强效的微管抑制剂，毒性约为紫杉醇的 100-1000倍，仅能通过 ADC 形式给药。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[SMCC连接子]]：</strong> 一种不可裂解的连接子，确保了赫赛莱在血液循环中的极高稳定性。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[德曲替珠单抗]]([[优赫得]])：</strong> 第二代 ADC，具有旁观者效应，是赫赛莱在晚期阶段的主要序贯药物。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[pCR]]：</strong> 病理学完全缓解。赫赛莱的存在显著缓解了未达 pCR 患者的焦虑并提升了预后。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>von Minckwitz G, et al. (2019).</strong> <em>Trastuzumab Emtansine for Residual Invasive HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (KATHERINE).</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：KATHERINE研究彻底改变了辅助治疗的游戏规则，使T-DM1成为早期高危患者的保护神。</span>
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            [2] <strong>[[The Lancet Oncology]]. (2025Update).</strong> <em>Systemic Review: The Decade of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in HER2+ Oncology.</em> [Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：赫赛莱作为ADC领域的先驱，其稳健的结构和明确的靶向效力，依然是多线序贯治疗中不可或缺的基石。</span>
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            赫赛莱 (Kadcyla) 诊疗生态 · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[HER2]]•[[Tubulin]]•[[FcγR]]•[[Lysosome]]•[[ADCC]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">治疗药物</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[曲妥珠单抗]]•[[帕妥珠单抗]]•[[德曲替珠单抗]]•[[吡咯替尼]]•[[图卡替尼]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">战略实体</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[Roche]]•[[Genentech]]•[[SinoCellGene协助]]•[[FDA]]•[[NMPA]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">前沿方向</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[ADC耐药分子机制]]•[[辅助治疗精准时长]]•[[联合免疫治疗探索]]•[[晚期三线序贯分析]]</td>
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