查看“HER2阳性”的源代码

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            <strong>[[HER2阳性]]([[HER2-positive]])</strong>是指肿瘤细胞表面<strong>[[人表皮生长因子受体2]]([[HER2]])</strong>蛋白过度表达或其编码基因<strong>[[ERBB2]]</strong>发生扩增的病理状态。在2026年的肿瘤精准诊疗体系中，[[HER2+]]被视为乳腺癌、胃癌及部分肺癌、结直肠癌的核心驱动因子。约15%-20%的乳腺癌表现为[[HER2]]强阳性，其特征为侵袭性强、易发生脑转移。随着<strong>[[曲妥珠单抗]]</strong>、<strong>[[帕妥珠单抗]]</strong>及新一代<strong>[[ADC]]</strong>药物（如<strong>[[DS-8201]]</strong>）的广泛应用，[[HER2+]]已从预后极差的亚型转变为目前靶向药物选择最多、生存获益最显著的肿瘤范式。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">HER2+ (ERBB2)</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">HER2 Overexpression·点击展开</div>
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                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">2064</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[HGNC]]编号</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">3430</td>
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                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">P04626</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">约185kDa</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">诊断标准</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">IHC 3+或ISH阳性</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键靶向药</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">DS-8201•妥妥组合</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">2026热点</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #b91c1c;">HER2-low 治疗重构</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分子机制：配体非依赖性激活与信号瀑布</h2>
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        [[HER2]]是[[受体酪氨酸激酶]]([[RTK]])家族的独特成员。2026年的分子解析将其致癌路径总结为：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>开放式构象二聚化：</strong> [[HER2]]不需要配体即可处于常态活化构象。当其过度表达时，[[HER2]]通过与[[HER3]]或其他家族成员形成<strong>[[异源二聚体]]</strong>，产生极强的下游信号，激活<strong>[[PI3K/AKT]]</strong>和<strong>[[RAS/MAPK]]</strong>通路，驱动细胞无限增殖。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>ADC 的载荷递送机制：</strong> 2026年药理共识指出，[[HER2]]蛋白作为“靶点吊钩”，在[[ADC]]药物结合后发生胞吞，将高毒性载荷（如[[DXd]]）释放入溶酶体。<strong>[[DS-8201]]</strong>具备的<strong>[[旁观者效应]]</strong>使其能跨越细胞膜杀伤周围[[HER2]]低表达细胞。</li>
        
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>获得性耐药机制：</strong> 长期抗[[HER2]]治疗后，肿瘤可能通过<strong>[[PIK3CA突变]]</strong>、[[PTEN]]缺失或[[HER2]]胞外域脱落（形成[[p95HER2]]）产生耐药。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026全球 HER2+ 核心治疗方案矩阵</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">治疗阶段</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">2026 标准推荐(SOC)</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">关键生存获益预期</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">早期新辅助</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[THP]]方案（多西他赛+曲妥珠+帕妥珠）。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>pCR 率突破 60%-70%</strong>。实现降期保乳。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">早期残存维持</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[T-DM1]]([[KATHERINE]]模式)。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">显著降低术后未达[[pCR]]患者的复发风险。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">晚期一线</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">“**[[妥妥组合]]**”+化疗。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[CLEOPATRA]]随访：中位[[OS]]接近5年。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">晚期二线</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>[[德曲妥珠单抗]]([[DS-8201]])</strong>。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[DESTINY-Breast03]]确认：[[PFS]]及[[OS]]具代际优势。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026治疗策略：从强阳性向 HER2-low 的精准转化</h2>
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        [[HER2+]]的管理在2026年已演变为全周期的分类讨论模式：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>脑转移的精准拦截：</strong> 2026版[[NCCN]]明确建议：针对晚期[[HER2+]]合并脑转移患者，优先选用具血脑屏障穿透力的小分子[[TKI]]（如<strong>[[图卡替尼]]</strong>或<strong>[[吡罗替尼]]</strong>）联合方案。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>HER2-low 范式变革：</strong> 2026年正式将<strong>[[IHC 1+]]</strong>或<strong>[[IHC 2+/ISH-]]</strong>定义为“**[[HER2低表达]]**”。基于<strong>[[DESTINY-Breast04]]</strong>研究，此类患者在多线化疗进展后可从[[ADC]]药物中获得显着OS获益。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>双免联合的探索：</strong> 2026年前沿策略尝试在[[HER2+]]乳腺癌中引入[[PD-L1]]抑制剂联合靶向药物，旨在通过激活肿瘤微环境内的[[TILs]]（肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞）克服抗血管生成的单一局限。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">关键相关概念</h2>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[HER2-low]]：</strong> 2026年核心分群，指具备低水平[[HER2]]表达但足以介导[[ADC]]杀伤的人群。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[旁观者效应]]：</strong> [[DS-8201]]的核心特征，载荷释放后穿透膜杀伤相邻阴性细胞。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[pCR]]：</strong> 病理学完全缓解，是早期[[HER2+]]新辅助治疗评估的首选替代终点。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[心脏毒性]]：</strong> 抗[[HER2]]药物（特别是曲妥珠单抗）需重点监测[[LVEF]]水平。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Cortés J, et al. (2022/2026Update).</strong> <em>Trastuzumab Deruxtecan versus Trastuzumab Emtansine in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (DESTINY-Breast03).</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：该研究确立了DS-8201在晚期HER2+二线治疗中的统治性地位，彻底改写了二线指南。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Modi S, et al. (2022/2025Revision).</strong> <em>Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Previously Treated HER2-Low Advanced Breast Cancer.</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.[Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：2026年回顾确认，HER2-low概念的提出是乳腺癌精准医疗近十年最大的里程碑之一。</span>
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            HER2/ERBB2 诊疗生态 · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[HER3]]•[[EGFR]]•[[PI3K]]•[[AKT]]•[[mTOR]]•[[PTEN]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">治疗药物</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[曲妥珠单抗]]•[[德曲妥珠单抗]]•[[吡罗替尼]]•[[帕妥珠单抗]]•[[恩美曲妥珠单抗]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">战略实体</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[第一三共]]•[[阿斯利康]]•[[罗氏]]•[[SinoCellGene协作]]•[[恒瑞医药]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">前沿技术</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[ADC载荷优化]]•[[液体活检监测扩增]]•[[双抗平台]]•[[脑转移序贯]]</td>
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