查看“Dutasteride”的源代码

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            <strong>[[度他雄胺]]</strong>（<strong>[[Dutasteride]]</strong>）是一种二代选择性<strong>[[5α-还原酶抑制剂]]</strong>（[[5-ARI]]），主要用于治疗<strong>[[良性前列腺增生]]</strong>（[[BPH]]）及<strong>[[雄激素性脱发]]</strong>（[[AGA]]）。与第一代抑制剂[[非那雄胺]]不同，[[度他雄胺]]能够同时竞争性地抑制<strong>[[I型]]</strong>和<strong>[[II型]]5α-还原酶</strong>同工酶，从而更彻底地阻断<strong>[[睾酮]]</strong>向<strong>[[双氢睾酮]]</strong>（[[DHT]]）的转化。临床研究表明，该药能使血清[[DHT]]浓度降低约90%以上，在缩小前列腺体积、改善排尿症状及促进毛发再生方面展现出较强效能，是泌尿外科与皮肤科领域的核心治疗方案。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">[[度他雄胺]]</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.75em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px;">[[Dutasteride]] / [[Avodart]] · 点击展开</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">靶点：[[SRD5A1]] / [[SRD5A2]]</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 45%;">[[CAS]]登记号</th>
                    <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">164656-23-9</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">药物类型</th>
                    <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">[[5α-还原酶抑制剂]]</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子式</th>
                    <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">$C_{27}H_{30}F_{6}N_{2}O_{2}$</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[分子量]]</th>
                    <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">528.5 Da</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">给药频率</th>
                    <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">0.5mg/日</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">开发厂商</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #0f172a;">[[葛兰素史克]] (GSK)</td>
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        [[度他雄胺]]通过不可逆地结合[[5α-还原酶]]，切断[[雄激素]]信号的关键转化步骤：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>双重同工酶抑制：</strong>[[I型5α-还原酶]]主要分布于皮肤和皮脂腺，[[II型]]则高度富集于前列腺和毛囊。[[度他雄胺]]对两者的抑制效力分别是[[非那雄胺]]的60倍和2倍。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>深度下调DHT：</strong>[[双氢睾酮]]（[[DHT]]）与[[雄激素受体]]（[[AR]]）的亲和力是睾酮的10倍。[[度他雄胺]]可使前列腺内[[DHT]]水平下降约94%，极大地削弱了维持前列腺增生和毛囊退化的分子驱动力。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>诱导细胞凋亡：</strong>随着[[DHT]]水平的下降，前列腺上皮细胞发生程序性死亡，导致增生的前列腺体积缩小，从而缓解[[下尿路症状]]（[[LUTS]]）。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">临床评价矩阵：BPH与AGA应用</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">适应症领域</th>
                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">治疗目标</th>
                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">临床价值表现</th>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[前列腺增生]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">缩小体积/预防尿潴留</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">长期应用可使前列腺体积减小约25%，降低[[急性尿潴留]]及手术风险。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[雄激素脱发]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">增加发量/逆转微型化</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">研究证实其生发效果在相同时间内普遍优于非那雄胺，尤其针对前额脱发。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[联合用药]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">协同改善排尿</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">常与[[坦索罗辛]]（[[α-受体阻滞剂]]）联用，实现快速舒张与长效缩小的双重效果。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">诊疗策略：风险管理与长期随访</h2>
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        [[度他雄胺]]的使用需建立在对患者激素敏感性及安全性的全面评估基础之上：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>PSA监测：</strong>该药可使血清[[PSA]]水平降低约50%。评估前列腺癌风险时，临床医生需将检测到的[[PSA]]值乘以2进行校正。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>性功能关注：</strong>约3%-5%的患者可能出现[[勃起功能障碍]]、[[性欲减退]]或射精障碍。多数副作用随治疗时间延长而减轻，或在停药后消失。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>起效周期：</strong>BPH治疗通常需3-6个月方能观察到明显的体积缩小；脱发治疗建议至少坚持观察半年以评估疗效。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>妊娠禁忌：</strong>该药具有强致畸性，育龄妇女禁止接触受损的药物胶囊，服药期间及停药半年内严禁献血。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">关键相关概念</h2>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[5α-还原酶]]：</strong>催化睾酮转化为DHT的酶，分为三种同工酶，度他雄胺主要针对I型和II型。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[双氢睾酮]] (DHT)：</strong>比睾酮更具生物活性的雄激素，是BPH和AGA的主要元凶。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[非那雄胺]] (Finasteride)：</strong>一代5-ARI，仅抑制II型酶，血清DHT下降率约70%。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[前列腺特异性抗原]] (PSA)：</strong>临床监测前列腺状态的重要生物标志物，受5-ARI影响巨大。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Roehrborn CG, et al. (2010).</strong> <em>The effects of combination therapy with dutasteride and tamsulosin on clinical outcomes in men with BPH.</em> <strong>[[The Journal of Urology]]</strong>.[Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：CombAT试验证明了度他雄胺联合方案在长期预防疾病进展方面的卓越效力。</span>
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        <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;">
            [2] <strong>Olsen EA, et al. (2006).</strong> <em>The importance of dual 5alpha-reductase inhibition in the treatment of male pattern hair loss.</em> <strong>[[Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[核心价值]：强调了度他雄胺通过多重抑制在脱发领域相较于单靶点药物的生化优势。</span>
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            [[度他雄胺]] (Dutasteride) 诊疗生态 · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联因子</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[睾酮]]•[[DHT]]•[[PSA]]•[[SRD5A1]]•[[SRD5A2]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">竞品/同类</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[非那雄胺]]•[[依立雄胺]]•[[坦索罗辛]](联合用药)•[[福瑞他恩]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">战略实体</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[GSK]]•[[FDA]]•[[NMPA]]•[[中华医学会泌尿外科学分会]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">研究前沿</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[低级别前列腺癌的主动监测]]•[[针对脱发的微量局部渗透给药]]•[[长期服用对代谢综合征的影响]]</td>
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