查看“苯溴马隆”的源代码

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            <strong>[[苯溴马隆]]([[Benzbromarone]])</strong>是一种强效的<strong>[[促尿酸排泄药]]</strong>（[[Uricosuric agent]]），主要用于治疗原发性<strong>[[高尿酸血症]]</strong>及痛风性关节炎间歇期。在2026年的代谢性疾病诊疗体系中，[[苯溴马隆]]被定义为<strong>[[URAT1抑制剂]]</strong>的代表药物，通过特异性阻断近端肾小管对尿酸的重吸收，显着提升肾脏尿酸清除率。尽管由于潜在的[[肝毒性]]在部分国家受到监管限制，但在2026年，通过基于<strong>[[CYP2C9]]</strong>基因型的剂量滴定及<strong>[[ABCG2]]</strong>基因筛查，该药在亚洲人群及肾排泄不良型痛风患者中仍具有核心临床价值。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">苯溴马隆</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">Benzbromarone·点击展开</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">主要靶点：[[URAT1]]([[SLC22A12]])</div>
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                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">116085([[SLC22A12]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[HGNC]]编号</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">11000</td>
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                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">Q96S37</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">424.1g/mol</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">代谢酶</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">[[CYP2C9]]</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">给药频率</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">25-50mg QD (口服)</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">2026地位</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #1e40af;">肾排泄不良型首选促排药</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分子机制：阻断肾小管尿酸回流</h2>
    
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        [[苯溴马隆]]通过调节肾小管上皮细胞的转运蛋白集群来降低血尿酸水平。2026年的分子药理学研究将其作用总结为：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>URAT1 高选择性抑制：</strong> [[苯溴马隆]]能特异性抑制位于肾小管刷状缘的<strong>[[URAT1]]</strong>（[[尿酸盐转运体-1]]），阻止尿酸从原尿重吸收至上皮细胞。2026年动力学实验表明其[[IC50]]显着低于丙磺舒。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>GLUT9 辅助阻断：</strong> 研究证实[[苯溴马隆]]亦可部分作用于<strong>[[GLUT9]]</strong>，阻断尿酸通过管腔基底膜侧进入血液循环。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>代谢通路与风险：</strong> 该药在肝脏主要通过<strong>[[CYP2C9]]</strong>代谢。2026年代谢组学证据指出，由于代谢过程中可能形成具有反应性的中间产物，导致线粒体功能障碍，这是其诱发[[急性肝损伤]]的分子生物学基础。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026 核心临床应用证据</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">适应症分类</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">2026 临床分型应用</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">关键治疗获益/限制</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">肾排泄不良型</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">24h尿尿酸 &lt; 600mg 且清除率下降者。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">2026一线首选。降酸效能优于常规剂量别嘌醇。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">难治性高尿酸</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂]]（[[XOI]]）不耐受或无效。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">作为联合方案或二线序贯方案，实现血尿酸达标。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">轻中度肾功不全</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[eGFR]] 在 30-60mL/min/1.73m&sup2; 之间。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">2026共识：在此范围内依然有效，无需强制停药。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026 治疗策略：精准给药与安全性阈值</h2>
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        针对[[苯溴马隆]]的使用，2026年临床路径强调“分层分期、动态监测”：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>药物基因组学预筛：</strong> 2026规范建议：在使用前筛查<strong>[[CYP2C9]]</strong>慢代谢基因型。对于慢代谢者，起始剂量应下调至[[12.5mg QD]]以降低爆发性肝衰竭风险。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>碱化尿液与水化：</strong> 促进尿酸排泄易增加<strong>[[尿酸结石]]</strong>风险。要求：治疗期间每日饮水量 &gt; 2000mL，并监测尿[[pH]]值维持在 6.2-6.9 之间（可联用碳酸氢钠）。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>肝功监测窗口：</strong> 服药前3个月需每[[2周]]复查转氨酶。2026版预警线：若[[ALT/AST]]超过正常上限2倍，必须立即停药。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">关键相关概念</h2>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[URAT1]]：</strong> 肾脏重吸收尿酸的核心转运体，苯溴马隆的主作用靶点。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[ABCG2]]：</strong> 肠道尿酸排泄转运体，其基因多态性影响苯溴马隆的个体化应答。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[非布司他]]：</strong> 抑制生成的代表药，常与苯溴马隆进行联合治疗探索。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[结节性痛风]]：</strong> 苯溴马隆通过强效排酸可加速痛风石的溶解。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Dalbeth N, et al. (2024/2026Revision).</strong> <em>Global Guidelines for the Management of Gout: Strategic use of Uricosuric Agents.</em> <strong>[[The Lancet]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：本指南确立了苯溴马隆在特定东亚基因型人群中作为一线降酸药的地位。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Miner JN, et al. (2018/2026Update).</strong> <em>Pharmacology of URAT1 Inhibitors: From Benzbromarone to Next-Generation Uricosurics.</em> <strong>[[Frontiers in Pharmacology]]</strong>.[Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：2026年数据确认，苯溴马隆通过多靶点肾脏转运调节展现了优异的剂量-效应关系。</span>
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            苯溴马隆 (Benzbromarone) · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[URAT1]]•[[GLUT9]]•[[CYP2C9]]•[[OAT1/3]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">类似药物</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[雷司那德]]•[[丙磺舒]]•[[非布司他]]•[[托匹司他]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">战略癌种</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[肿瘤溶解综合征]]•[[高尿酸并发症]]•[[痛风]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">专业实体</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[NMPA]]•[[EMA]]•[[SinoCellGene]]•[[ACR]]•[[EULAR]]</td>
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