查看“特美妥”的源代码

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            <strong>[[特美妥]]</strong>（<strong>[[Tepmetko]]</strong>，通用名：<strong>[[特泊替尼]]</strong>）是一种高选择性、每日一次口服的<strong>[[受体酪氨酸激酶]]</strong>抑制剂（<strong>[[TKI]]</strong>），专门针对<strong>[[MET]]</strong>（间质上皮转化因子）信号通路。它是全球及中国首个获批用于治疗携带<strong>[[MET]]外显子14</strong>（<strong>[[METex14]]</strong>）跳跃突变的晚期<strong>[[非小细胞肺癌]]</strong>（NSCLC）患者的药物。通过精准阻断<strong>[[MET]]</strong>的自磷酸化及其下游信号级联反应，<strong>[[特美妥]]</strong>能有效抑制肿瘤生长并诱导凋亡。目前，该药已获得<strong>[[FDA]]</strong>、<strong>[[EMA]]</strong>及<strong>[[NMPA]]</strong>批准上市，是肺癌<strong>[[精准医疗]]</strong>中针对<strong>[[MET]]</strong>异常的核心治疗方案。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">特美妥(Tepmetko)</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">特泊替尼·高度选择性MET抑制剂·点击展开</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">核心靶标：<strong>[[MET]]</strong>(c-MET)</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;"><strong>[[Entrez]]</strong>ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">4233(<strong>[[MET]]</strong>)</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;"><strong>[[UniProt]]</strong></th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">P08581</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">药物类型</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">小分子激酶抑制剂</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">492.58g/mol</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">研发厂家</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;"><strong>[[德国默克]]</strong>(Merck KGaA)</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">审批状态</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #16a34a;"><strong>[[FDA]]</strong>/<strong>[[NMPA]]</strong>批准上市</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">药理机制：MET信号通路的精准开关</h2>
    
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        <strong>[[特美妥]]</strong>作为I型选择性<strong>[[MET-TKI]]</strong>，其作用机制高度针对肿瘤细胞的生存驱动因子：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">突变机制阻断：在携带<strong>[[METex14]]</strong>跳跃突变的肿瘤中，由于蛋白质降解信号位点丢失，<strong>[[MET]]</strong>受体在细胞表面异常稳定且持续活化。特美妥通过竞争性结合激酶域的<strong>[[ATP]]</strong>结合位点，强效抑制受体磷酸化。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">信号网络封锁：通过关闭<strong>[[MET]]</strong>轴，特美妥阻断了下游<strong>[[PI3K-AKT]]</strong>和<strong>[[MAPK-ERK]]</strong>信号通路，这些通路是肿瘤细胞逃避凋亡及发生远端转移的核心驱动力。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">高选择性特征：特美妥对<strong>[[MET]]</strong>激酶具有极高的亲和力，对其他激酶的交叉反应极小，这在临床上转化为更优的安全性与更宽的治疗窗口。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">核心临床研究：VISION试验数据</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">评价指标</th>
                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">液体活检组(LBx)</th>
                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">组织活检组(TBx)</th>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">客观缓解率(ORR)</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>48.0%</strong></td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>50.0%</strong></td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">中位DOR</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">11.1个月</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">11.0个月</td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">中位PFS</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">8.5个月</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">11.0个月</td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">安全性摘要</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;" colspan="2;">主要不良反应为<strong>[[外周水肿]]</strong>(63%)，多为1-2级，通过临床干预可有效管理。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">诊疗策略：检测驱动与水肿管理</h2>
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        <strong>[[特美妥]]</strong>的应用高度依赖精准的分子诊断，并需配合全周期的不良反应监控：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">检测路径优化：<strong>[[NCCN指南]]</strong>推荐使用<strong>[[NGS]]</strong>（二代测序）进行检测。由于特美妥在<strong>[[VISION]]</strong>研究中验证了液体活检的可靠性，对于组织样本不足的患者，可首选<strong>[[ctDNA]]</strong>血检确认突变状态。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[外周水肿]]</strong>对症处理：水肿是<strong>[[MET]]</strong>抑制剂的共有特征。管理策略包括：低盐饮食、抬高患肢、使用压力袜。若达到3级水肿，需考虑使用<strong>[[利尿剂]]</strong>（如呋塞米）或按说明书进行减量。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">克服耐药探索：针对<strong>[[EGFR-TKI]]</strong>（如<strong>[[奥希替尼]]</strong>）耐药后出现的<strong>[[MET扩增]]</strong>，特美妥联合方案正在开展临床研究，旨在解决肺癌多重耐药这一难题。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">关键相关概念</h2>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[妥瑞达]]</strong>(Tabrecta)：由诺华开发的同类MET抑制剂，是特美妥的主要竞争产品。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[METex14跳跃突变]]</strong>：约占NSCLC患者的3%-4%，多见于高龄患者及肺肉瘤样癌患者。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[赛沃替尼]]</strong>(Savolitinib)：国产高选择性MET抑制剂。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[液体活检]]</strong>：特美妥是首个通过血检数据支撑获批的MET-TKI，展示了其临床应用的便利性。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
        <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;">
            [1] <strong>Paik PK, et al. (2020).</strong> <em>Tepotinib in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations.</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：VISION研究的数据确立了特美妥作为MET突变肺癌患者标准一线及后线疗法的核心地位。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Xiangdong Cheng, et al. (2024).</strong> <em>Selective MET inhibitors in NSCLC: Evolving treatment landscape in China.</em> <strong>[[Cancer Cell Review]]</strong>.[Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：总结了特美妥如何通过卓越的药代动力学特征在老年肺癌患者中实现长期生存获益。</span>
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            特美妥(Tepmetko)诊疗生态·知识图谱
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                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[MET]]</strong>•<strong>[[HGF]]</strong>•<strong>[[EGFR]]</strong>•<strong>[[PI3K]]</strong>•<strong>[[RAS]]</strong></td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">同类管线</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[卡马替尼]]</strong>•<strong>[[赛沃替尼]]</strong>•<strong>[[谷美替尼]]</strong>•<strong>[[伯瑞替尼]]</strong>•<strong>[[Telisotuzumab]]</strong></td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">战略实体</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[德国默克]]</strong>•<strong>[[FDA]]</strong>•<strong>[[NMPA]]</strong>•<strong>[[NCCN]]</strong>•<strong>[[ESMO]]</strong></td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">前沿方向</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[一线联合免疫疗法]]</strong>•<strong>[[MET扩增耐药挽救研究]]</strong>•<strong>[[针对脑转移的深度响应]]</strong>•<strong>[[胃癌MET扩增新应用]]</strong></td>
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