查看“晚期尿路上皮癌”的源代码

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            <strong>[[晚期尿路上皮癌]]</strong>（<strong>[[Advanced Urothelial Cancer]]</strong>）是指起源于[[尿路上皮]]（包括[[膀胱]]、[[输尿管]]及[[肾盂]]）且已发生局部侵犯或远端[[转移]]的[[恶性肿瘤]]。在分子病理层面，该病以高度的[[突变负荷]]（[[TMB]]）及特异性抗原<strong>[[Nectin-4]]</strong>的高表达为特征，约20%的患者携带<strong>[[FGFR3]]</strong>基因变异。在2026年的临床视角下，[[晚期尿路上皮癌]]的治疗模式已发生颠覆性变革：<strong>[[ADC]]</strong>（[[抗体偶联药物]]）联合<strong>[[免疫检查点抑制剂]]</strong>已取代传统[[含铂化疗]]成为一线治疗的新金标准。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">[[晚期尿路上皮癌]]</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.75em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px;">[[Metastatic UC]] · 诊疗综述 · 点击展开</div>
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                    <div style="width: 140px; height: 90px; background-color: #f1f5f9; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; color: #94a3b8; font-size: 0.8em; padding: 10px; text-align: center;">[[尿路上皮癌]]浸润与转移示意图</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">核心靶标：[[Nectin-4]] / [[FGFR3]]</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 45%;">[[ICD-10]]代码</th>
                    <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">C67.900</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键驱动变异</th>
                    <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">[[FGFR3]]融合/突变</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[Entrez]]ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">2261([[FGFR3]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键表面抗原</th>
                    <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">[[Nectin-4]] / [[TROP2]]</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">一线标准方案</th>
                    <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">[[EV]]+[[Pembro]]</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">推荐检测项目</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #0f172a;">[[NGS]]•[[PD-L1 IHC]]</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分子机制：多靶点驱动与精准封锁</h2>
    
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        [[晚期尿路上皮癌]]的进展涉及复杂的基因重组及免疫逃逸机制。2026年的分子图谱主要关注以下三个维度：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[Nectin-4]]轴：</strong>[[Nectin-4]]是一种参与[[细胞粘附]]的[[Ig样蛋白]]，在超过90%的尿路上皮癌中过表达。这使得针对该靶点的[[ADC]]药物（如[[恩诺单抗]]）能够通过靶向细胞毒性释放精准杀伤肿瘤。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[FGFR3]]驱动通路：</strong>[[FGFR3]]突变或融合导致激酶域[[组成型激活]]，触发下游[[Ras/MAPK]]信号。对于此类特定人群，[[小分子抑制剂]]展现出显著的选择性抑制作用。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>免疫微环境：</strong>UC通常具有高[[TMB]]，伴随[[新抗原]]产生及[[PD-L1]]上调。通过阻断[[PD-1]]/[[PD-L1]]通路，可激活耗竭的[[T细胞]]实现持久的[[抗肿瘤免疫]]。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">核心临床研究矩阵</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">试验代号</th>
                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">研究人群</th>
                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">2026年关键临床结论</th>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[EV-302]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">晚期未治[[UC]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[EV]]+[[Pembro]]联合方案将[[中位OS]]延长至31.5个月，远优于化疗。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[JAVELIN 100]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">含铂化疗后未进展患者</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">确立了[[阿维鲁单抗]]（[[Avelumab]]）作为标准[[维持治疗]]的地位。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[THOR研究]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">携带[[FGFR3]]变异的经治[[UC]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">证实[[厄达替尼]]（[[Erdafitinib]]）相比化疗显著延长生存期。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">诊疗策略：从“盲治”到“精准阶梯”</h2>
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        在2026年的诊疗共识中，[[晚期尿路上皮癌]]的管理遵循基于[[基因分型]]的决策路径：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>一线方案重塑：</strong>无论[[PD-L1]]状态，[[恩诺单抗]]（[[Enfortumab Vedotin]]）联合[[帕博利珠单抗]]（[[Pembrolizumab]]）已成为首选，彻底终结了单纯化疗的统治地位。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[维持治疗]]窗口：</strong>对于选择传统化疗的一线患者，若获得缓解或稳定，必须序贯[[免疫维持治疗]]以锁定生存获益。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[FGFR3]]全程筛查：</strong>推荐在确诊转移阶段立即行[[NGS]]检测。一旦出现耐药，[[FGFR抑制剂]]是精准打击的核心武器。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[ADC]]续贯策略：</strong>针对[[恩诺单抗]]耐药后，靶向[[TROP2]]的ADC药物（如[[戈沙妥珠单抗]]）展现了良好的补救价值。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">关键相关概念</h2>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[Nectin-4]]：</strong>ADC药物[[Padcev]]识别的关键靶标。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[FGFR3变异]]：</strong>决定了患者是否能从[[厄达替尼]]等靶向药中获益。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[EV+Pembro]]：</strong>2026年尿路上皮癌治疗的划时代联用方案。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[TMB]]：</strong>评估肿瘤对[[免疫检查点抑制剂]]敏感度的重要辅助指标。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Powles T, et al. (2024).</strong> <em>Enfortumab Vedotin and Pembrolizumab in Untreated Advanced Urothelial Cancer (EV-302).</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.[Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：该研究确立了无化疗时代在晚期膀胱癌领域的全面胜利。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Loriot Y, et al. (2024/2025 update).</strong> <em>Erdafitinib or Chemotherapy in Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (THOR).</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[核心价值]：证明了精准靶向FGFR通路在经治晚期UC中的生存获益。</span>
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            [[晚期尿路上皮癌]] 诊疗生态 · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[FGFR3]]•[[Nectin-4]]•[[TROP2]]•[[PD-L1]]•[[ERBB2]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">核心药物</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[恩诺单抗]]•[[帕博利珠单抗]]•[[厄达替尼]]•[[戈沙妥珠单抗]]•[[顺铂]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">战略实体</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[NCCN]]•[[ASCO]]•[[CSCO]]•[[Pfizer]]•[[Astellas]]•[[MSD]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">研究前沿</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[新辅助ADC+免疫方案]]•[[针对HER2表达亚群的ADC研发]]•[[液体活检监测微小残留病灶]]</td>
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