查看“GvHD防控”的源代码

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            <strong>GvHD防控</strong>（Prevention and Control of Graft-versus-Host Disease）是异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）成功的核心。GvHD 发生于移植物中的供者免疫细胞攻击受者器官时，常累及皮肤、肝脏及胃肠道。现代防控体系已从传统的化学<strong><a href="/免疫抑制剂" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">免疫抑制剂</a></strong>（如环孢素、甲氨蝶呤）演进为基于<strong><a href="/MSC" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">MSC</a></strong>（间充质干细胞）的<strong><a href="/免疫调节" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">免疫调节</a></strong>方案。利用 MSC 的<strong><a href="/免疫豁免" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">免疫豁免</a></strong>特性及<strong><a href="/旁分泌效应" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">旁分泌效应</a></strong>，已成为救治激素耐药型急性 GvHD 的标准二线策略。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">GvHD防控 · 临床策略</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.75em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">GvHD Control Profile (点击展开)</div>
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                    <div style="color: #64748b; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: 500;">GvHD 免疫病理与干预模型</div>
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                    <td style="padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">糖皮质激素, 环孢素A</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #475569; background-color: #f8fafc;">关键细胞载体</th>
                    <td style="padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;"><strong><a href="/MSC" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">MSC</a></strong></td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 15px; color: #475569; background-color: #f8fafc;">核心靶点</th>
                    <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #1e40af; font-weight: 600;">效应 <strong>T细胞</strong> 抑制</td>
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        GvHD 的防控遵循“阶梯式”干预原则，旨在平衡移植物抗肿瘤效应与免疫损伤：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>预防阶段：</strong> 通过 HLA 精确配型及钙调磷酸酶抑制剂（CNI）联用甲氨蝶呤（MTX），抑制早期 <strong><a href="/T细胞" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">T细胞</a></strong> 的激活。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>二线救治与 MSC：</strong> 对于激素耐药型急性 GvHD，<strong><a href="/MSC" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">MSC</a></strong> 通过释放 <strong>IDO</strong> 和 <strong>PGE2</strong> 诱导 <strong><a href="/Tregs" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">Tregs</a></strong> 产生，平息细胞因子风暴。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>无细胞技术：</strong> <strong><a href="/MSC外泌体" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">MSC外泌体</a></strong> 展现出与活细胞相似的免疫抑制效能，且具有更高的临床安全性和制备标准化潜力。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">传统预防方案 vs. MSC 细胞干预对照表</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">特性维度</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">化学免疫抑制 (预防)</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #16a34a;">MSC 细胞干预 (治疗)</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">主要目标</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">全局性抑制免疫系统</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">精准诱导 <strong>免疫耐受</strong></td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">组织效应</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">骨髓抑制风险较高</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">促进 <strong>组织修复</strong> 与植入</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">临床时机</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">围手术期持续给药</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">针对难治型病例的按需干预</td>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: block; margin-bottom: 2px;">参考文献与学术点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Le Blanc K, et al. (2008).</strong> <em>Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of steroid-resistant...</em> <strong>The Lancet</strong>. <br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：确立了 MSC 在 GvHD 治疗中的核心地位，为全球 SR-aGvHD 的二线治疗提供了证据。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Zeiser R, et al. (2021).</strong> <em>Ruxolitinib for Glucocorticoid-Refractory Acute GvHD.</em> <strong>NEJM</strong>. <br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：展示了 JAK 抑制剂作为新型防控手段的临床优势。</span>
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        <div style="background-color: #0f172a; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding: 10px; letter-spacing: 1px;">GvHD防控 · 知识图谱关联</div>
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            <a href="/MSC" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[MSC]]</a> • 
            <a href="/免疫调节" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[免疫调节]]</a> • 
            <a href="/再生医学" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[再生医学]]</a> • 
            <a href="/免疫豁免" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[免疫豁免]]</a> • 
            <a href="/MSC外泌体" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[MSC外泌体]]</a> • 
            <a href="/细胞因子风暴" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[细胞因子风暴]]</a>
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