查看“代谢重塑”的源代码

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            <strong>代谢重塑</strong>（Metabolic Reprogramming）是指细胞在受到致癌信号、缺氧或免疫激活等生理/病理压力时，主动调节其代谢通路以适应生存与增殖需求的过程。它是肿瘤细胞的十大特征（Hallmarks of Cancer）之一，其核心表现为即使在有氧条件下也优先进行[[有氧糖酵解]]（Warburg 效应），并伴随谷氨酰胺分解及脂质代谢的剧烈改变。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.5px; text-decoration: none !important;">代谢重塑 · 特征谱</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.75em; opacity: 0.9; margin-top: 5px; white-space: nowrap;">Metabolic Profile</div>
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                    [代谢路径图]
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                <div style="font-size: 0.85em; color: #475569; font-weight: 600;">Warburg 效应与能量通量控制</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 12px 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #475569; font-weight: 600; width: 40%; background-color: #f8fafc;">主要通路</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">有氧糖酵解 / 谷氨酰胺分解</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 12px 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #475569; font-weight: 600; background-color: #f8fafc;">关键限速酶</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">$HK2$ / $PKM2$ / $LDHA$</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 12px 18px; color: #475569; font-weight: 600; background-color: #f8fafc;">代谢产物</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px 18px; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold;">乳酸积累 / $H^+$ 酸化</td>
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        代谢重塑并非单纯为了产生 $ATP$，更重要的是为细胞快速分裂提供必需的“建筑材料”。通过上调葡萄糖转运蛋白（如 $Glut1$），肿瘤细胞将代谢中间产物分流至[[磷酸戊糖途径]]，用于合成核苷酸、氨基酸及脂质。此外，重塑后的代谢环境会导致[[肿瘤微环境]]（TME）呈现<strong>低糖、酸性、缺氧</strong>的特征，这对[[肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞]]（TIL）的杀伤活性构成了严重的代谢压制。
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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">代谢指标</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">正常细胞 (静止期)</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">肿瘤/活化免疫细胞</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: bold;">主要产能方式</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">氧化磷酸化 ($OXPHOS$)</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold;">有氧糖酵解</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: bold;">氧气需求</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">高度依赖</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold;">低依赖 (适应缺氧)</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: bold;">代谢终产物</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">$CO_2$ + $H_2O$</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold;">乳酸 ($Lactate$)</td>
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            [1] <strong>Pavlova N N, & Thompson C B. (2016).</strong> <em>The Emerging Hallmarks of Cancer Metabolism.</em> <strong>Cell Metabolism</strong>. <br>
            <span style="color: #1e40af; font-weight: 500;">[学术点评]：该综述系统更新了肿瘤代谢的多个维度，是理解代谢重塑如何作为癌症特征的奠基性文献。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Vander Heiden M G, et al. (2009).</strong> <em>Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation.</em> <strong>Science</strong>. <br>
            <span style="color: #1e40af; font-weight: 500;">[学术点评]：解释了肿瘤细胞为何选择低效的糖酵解，指出生物合成原料积累比单纯的 ATP 生成更关键。</span>
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            [3] <strong>O'Neill L A, et al. (2016).</strong> <em>A guide to immunometabolism for immunologists.</em> <strong>Nature Reviews Immunology</strong>. <br>
            <span style="color: #1e40af; font-weight: 500;">[学术点评]：将代谢重塑的概念延伸至免疫学，强调了代谢健康对效应细胞功能的决定性作用。</span>
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        <div style="background-color: #0f172a; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px; letter-spacing: 2px;">相关知识导航</div>
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            [[Warburg效应]] • [[谷氨酰胺分解]] • [[免疫代谢]] • [[乳酸堆积]] • [[代谢健康与CAR-T]]
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